Table 1.
Study population baseline characteristics for patients with COVID-19 by severity of illness.
| Characteristics |
Total patients (N = 458) |
Non-severe (N = 411) |
Severe (N = 47) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0.381 | |||
| <20 | 12 (2.62) | 6 (1.46) | 6 (12.8) | |
| 20–39 | 272 (59.4) | 231 (56.2) | 41 (87.23) | |
| 40–59 | 140 (30.57) | 140 (34.06) | 0 (00.00) | |
| >60 | 34 (7.42) | 34 (8.27) | 0 (00.00) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.079 | |||
| Female | 60 (13.1) | 50 (12.2) | 10 (21.3) | |
| Male | 398 (86.9) | 361 (87.8) | 37 (78.7) | |
| Nationality, n (%) | 0.025 | |||
| Non-Saudi | 368 (80.35) | 336 (81.8) | 32 (68.1) | |
| Saudi | 90 (19.65) | 75 (18.3) | 15 (31.9) | |
| Smoker | 14 | 14.29 | 10 | 12.2 |
| History of chronic conditions | 98 | 21.83 | 56 | 13.86 |
| Number of chronic conditions | <0.001 | |||
| None | 38 (8.3) | 38 (9.3) | 0 (00.00) | 0.487 |
| 1 | 324 (70.7) | 323 (78.6) | 1 (2.13) | |
| ≥2 | 96 (20.9) | 50 (12.2) | 46 (97.9) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 62 (13.6) | 33 (8.1) | 29 (61.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 50 (10.94) | 14 (3.41) | 36 (76.6) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 16 (3.51) | 12 (2.93) | 4 (8.51) | 0.071 |
| Pneumonia | 7 (1.53) | 5 (1.22) | 2 (4.26) | 0.108 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 9 (1.97) | 6 (1.46) | 3 (6.4) | 0.055 |
| Cancer | 2 (0.44) | 1 (0.24) | 1 (2.13) | 0.195 |
| Psychiatric disease | 4 (0.88) | 3 (0.73) | 1 (2.13) | 0.353 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥25/≥30 kg/m2) | 236 (57.1) | 235 (63.51) | 1 (2.23) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4 (0.88) | 2 (0.49) | 2 (4.26) | 0.054 |
| Thyroid disease | 11 (2.41) | 6 (1.47) | 5 (10.64) | 0.002 |
| Kidney disease | 6 (1.32) | 5 (1.23) | 1 (2.13) | 0.482 |
| Any symptoms | 0.685 | |||
| No | 50 (11.01) | 44 (10.81) | 6 (12.8) | |
| Yes | 404 (88.9) | 363 (89.2) | 41 (87.23) | |
| The result of chest X-Ray | 0.008 | |||
| Normal | 398 (88.05) | 363 (98.41) | 35 (76.09) | |
| Abnormal | 54 (11.9) | 43 (10.6) | 11 (23.91) | |
| Required mechanical ventilation | <0.001 | |||
| No | 413 (90.6) | 404 (98.8) | 9 (19.2) | |
| Yes | 43 (9.43) | 5 (1.22) | 11 (80.6) | |
| Patient status | <0.001 | |||
| Died | 2 (0.44) | 0 (00.00) | 2 (4.26) | |
| Home isolation | 201 (43.9) | 183 (44.53) | 18 (38.3) | |
| Recovered | 7 (1.53) | 6 (1.46) | 1 (2.13) | |
| Discharged | 11 (2.4) | 7 (1.7) | 4 (8.51) | |
| Stable, still positive | 207 (45.2) | 201 (48.9) | 6 (12.8) | |
| Still in hospital | 30 (6.55) | 14 (3.41) | 16 (34.04) | |