Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants by NAFLD, U.S. adult aged ≥20 years, NHANES 2007-2014.
| NAFLD (total) | NAFLD (men) | NAFLD (women) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No | Yes | P-value | No | Yes | P-value | No | Yes | P-value |
| Number of participants (%) | 4189 (63.30%) | 2424 (36.70%) | 1781 (58.07%) | 1286 (41.93%) | 2408 (67.91%) | 1138 (32.09%) | |||
| Age group (n, %) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 20–44 years | 1890 (73.58%) | 709 (26.42%) | 805 (68.64%) | 388 (31.36%) | 1085 (78.08%) | 321 (21.92%) | |||
| 45–59 years | 988 (61.09%) | 655 (38.91%) | 427 (55.58%) | 328 (44.42%) | 561 (65.86%) | 327 (34.14%) | |||
| 60–74 years | 862 (54.53%) | 742 (45.47%) | 346 (46.76%) | 389 (53.24%) | 516 (60.77%) | 353 (39.23%) | |||
| ≥75 years | 449 (58.35%) | 318 (41.65%) | 203 (52.77%) | 181 (47.23%) | 246 (62.57%) | 137 (37.43%) | |||
| Race (n, %) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Mexican American | 488 (49.42%) | 552 (50.58%) | 204 (43.45%) | 281 (56.55%) | 284 (55.30%) | 271 (44.70%) | |||
| Other Hispanic | 444 (64.17%) | 294 (35.83%) | 175 (61.42%) | 144 (38.58%) | 269 (66.54%) | 150 (33.46%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1845 (63.88%) | 1155 (36.12%) | 789 (58.02%) | 650 (41.98%) | 1056 (69.03%) | 505 (30.97%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 931 (79.05%) | 269 (20.95%) | 394 (79.30%) | 120 (20.70%) | 537 (78.90%) | 149 (21.10%) | |||
| Other Race | 481 (75.31%) | 154 (24.69%) | 219 (69.77%) | 91 (30.23%) | 262 (80.32%) | 63 (19.68%) | |||
| Educational Level (n, %) | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | ||||||
| < High school | 902 (54.75%) | 802 (45.25%) | 398 (52.22%) | 396 (47.78%) | 504 (56.95%) | 406 (43.05%) | |||
| High school | 954 (64.19%) | 543 (35.81%) | 418 (59.88%) | 298 (40.12%) | 536 (67.93%) | 245 (32.07%) | |||
| >High school | 2,329 (68.21%) | 1,075 (31.79%) | 964 (61.40%) | 590 (38.60%) | 1,365 (74.03%) | 485 (25.97%) | |||
| Smoking status (n, %) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.010 | ||||||
| Yes | 1,576 (59.85%) | 1,131 (40.15%) | 840 (54.49%) | 705 (45.51%) | 736 (66.21%) | 426 (33.79%) | |||
| No | 2,611 (68.28%) | 1,293 (31.72%) | 940 (63.83%) | 581 (36.17%) | 1,671 (71.36%) | 712 (28.64%) | |||
| Vigorous recreational activity (n, %) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 1,031 (81.56%) | 270 (18.44%) | 571 (77.05%) | 192 (22.95%) | 460 (87.79%) | 78 (12.21%) | |||
| No | 3,158 (59.87%) | 2,154 (40.13%) | 1,210 (52.21%) | 1,094 (47.79%) | 1,948 (65.59%) | 1,060 (34.41%) | |||
| Hypertension (n, %) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 1,805 (51.22%) | 1,639 (48.78%) | 810 (47.10%) | 865 (52.90%) | 995 (55.09%) | 774 (44.91%) | |||
| No | 2,384 (77.23%) | 785 (22.77%) | 971 (71.57%) | 421 (28.43%) | 1,413 (81.74%) | 364 (18.26%) | |||
| Diabetes (n, %) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 505 (32.45%) | 910 (67.55%) | 229 (30.26%) | 461 (69.74%) | 276 (34.43%) | 449 (65.57%) | |||
| No | 3,684 (71.33%) | 1,514 (28.67%) | 1,552 (65.40%) | 825 (34.60%) | 2,132 (76.38%) | 689 (23.62%) | |||
| Annual household income (n, %) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| < $20,000 | 780 (61.28%) | 561 (38.72%) | 266 (58.77%) | 235 (41.23%) | 514 (62.56%) | 326 (37.44%) | |||
| $20,000–$44,999 | 1,352 (58.95%) | 931 (41.05%) | 549 (51.12%) | 486 (48.88%) | 803 (64.89%) | 445 (35.11%) | |||
| $45,000–$74,999 | 781 (64.37%) | 409 (35.63%) | 340 (57.31%) | 237 (42.69%) | 441 (70.95%) | 172 (29.05%) | |||
| ≥$75,000 | 1,098 (72.33%) | 423 (27.67%) | 535 (66.74%) | 277 (33.26%) | 563 (78.63%) | 146 (21.37%) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.00 (23.20, 29.10) | 33.14 (29.60, 37.80) | <0.001 | 26.00 (23.60, 28.50) | 31.88 (28.81, 35.47) | <0.001 | 26.00 (22.70, 29.60) | 35.00 (30.80, 40.23) | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 189 (165, 215) | 192 (166, 220) | 0.020 | 184 (161, 208) | 189 (162, 217) | 0.002 | 194 (168, 221) | 195 (171, 223) | 0.222 |
| UA (mg/dL) | 5.0 (4.2, 5.9) | 6.0 (5.2, 6.9) | <0.001 | 5.7 (5.1, 6.4) | 6.4 (5.7, 7.3) | <0.001 | 4.5 (3.9, 5.2) | 5.6 (4.8, 6.3) | <0.001 |
| Average energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,869.5 (1,463.5, 2,386.5) | 1,942.0 (1,479.0, 2,464.0) | 0.581 | 2,225.5 (1,780.0, 2,762.0) | 2,176.0 (1,719.0, 2,710.0) | 0.064 | 1,639.0 (1,336.5, 2,036.5) | 1,665.5 (1,335.5, 2,112.0) | 0.125 |
| Total fiber intake (mg/kg/day) | 216.60 (147.70, 310.90) | 156.68 (110.19, 219.75) | <0.001 | 222.80 (151.39, 313.95) | 163.93 (114.78, 235.45) | <0.001 | 213.46 (144.14, 305.60) | 149.28 (108.13, 205.14) | <0.001 |
| Cereal fiber intake (mg/kg/day) | 90.54 (54.83, 139.35) | 68.70 (41.53, 101.16) | <0.001 | 97.35 (57.21, 153.94) | 73.43 (43.86, 109.31) | <0.001 | 86.15 (53.40, 130.65) | 64.60 (39.26, 93.75) | <0.001 |
| Fruit fiber intake (mg/kg/day) | 23.14 (1.48, 54.93) | 13.34 (0,34.05) | <0.001 | 19.40 (0, 51.36) | 11.45 (0, 31.41) | <0.001 | 26.60 (2.60, 57.52) | 15.04 (0, 37.41) | <0.001 |
| Vegetable fiber intake (mg/kg/day) | 38.68 (18.34, 66.09) | 27.29 (13.51, 41.95) | <0.001 | 36.54 (16.53, 62.57) | 27.22 (13.39, 48.33) | <0.001 | 40.47 (19.79, 69.28) | 27.49 (13.77, 47.00) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; UA, uric acid. Data are presented as participants (percentage) for categorical variables or 50th (25th, 75th) for continuous variables.