Fig. 4.

Plasticity experiment data. a Mean pre-stimulus C3-Hjorth EEG signal for all stimuli in the rTMS intervention period for positive peak (red), random phase (grey) and negative peak condition (blue), approximately 900 trials per condition and subject, across all 12 participants. The dashed vertical line represents the time of the TMS pulse. b Mean ± 1 SEM (n = 12) post-intervention MEP amplitude normalized to mean pre-intervention MEP amplitude in the three phase conditions. Circles indicate individual data. ∗p = 0.02 (two-sided two-tailed t-tests), #p < 0.05 (one-sided two-tailed t-test, indicating difference from 100%). c Mean MEP amplitude for each Phase condition, binned in 3 min segments. RTMS intervention period is indicated by the grey area. Data is normalized to the mean pre-intervention MEP amplitude of each participant and Phase condition (100%, black dashed line). Error bars indicate ±1 SEM. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)