Table 3.

Path analysis of mediation effects applying SEM.

	Direct effect	Indirect effect	Total effect	k2
Path: maternal distress → children's positive emotions → children's outcomes
Children's playing activities	β = −0.322***	β = −0.257*	β = −0.579***	0.44
Children's school-related activities	β = −0.150	β = −0.284***	β = −0.434**	0.65
Children's time spent alone	β = −0.306*	β = −0.276***	β = 0.581***	0.47
Path: maternal distress → children's negative emotions → children's outcomes
Children's tendency to talk about negative emotions	β = 0.059	β = 0.361***	β = 0.419***	0.86
Path: maternal coping abilities → children's positive emotions → children's outcomes
Children's playing activities	β = 0.108	β = 0.145**	β = 0.253*	0.57
Children's school-related activities	β = 0.295**	β = 0.116**	β = 0.411***	0.28
Children's time spent alone	β = 0.437***	β = 0.116**	β = 0.553***	0.21

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.010; ***p < 0.001; and k² = mediator effect size.