Table 1.
Pre- and during COVID-19 restrictions for physical activity instruments, WHO-5 and DASS
| UK | NZ | IRE | AUS | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-COVID-19 restrictions | Met PA guidelines n (%) | |||||
| Males and females | 2,289 (73.3%) | 3,134 (78.2%) | 630 (69.7%) | 294 (74.4%) | 6,344 (75.3%) | |
| Males only | 816 (79.7%) | 901 (82.9%) | 182 (78.4%) | 72 (80.9%) | 1,971 (81%) | |
| Females only | 1,470 (70.2%) | 2,208 (76.5%) | 446 (66.7%) | 221 (72.7%) | 4,345 (73%)a | |
| Prefer not to say | 3 (100%) | 24 (70.6%) | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 28 (68%) | |
| Stages of Change n (%) | ||||||
| 1. Precontemplation | 73 (2.3%) | 42 (1.1%) | 13 (1.4%) | 11 (2.8%) | 139 (1.7%) | |
| 2. Contemplation | 144 (4.6%) | 95 (2.4%) | 42 (4.7%) | 12 (3.1%) | 293 (3.5%) | |
| 3. Preparation | 519 (16.6%) | 735 (18.3%) | 187 (20.7%) | 59 (15.0%) | 1,500 (17.8%) | |
| 4. Action | 339 (10.9%) | 274 (6.8%) | 64 (7.1%) | 28 (7.1%) | 705 (8.4%) | |
| 5. Maintenance | 2046 (65.6%) | 2861 (71.4%) | 597 (66.1%) | 284 (72.1%) | 5,788 (68.7%) | |
| During COVID-19 restrictions | Stages of Change n (%) | |||||
| 1. Precontemplation | 57 (1.8%) | 31 (0.8%) | 14 (1.6%) | 1 (0.3%) | 103 (1.2%) | |
| 2. Contemplation | 195 (6.3%) | 131 (3.3%) | 45 (5.0%) | 36 (9.1%) | 407 (4.8%) | |
| 3. Preparation | 614 (19.7%) | 572 (14.3%) | 172 (19.1%) | 74 (18.8%) | 1,432 (17.0%) | |
| 4. Action | 533 (17.7%) | 699 (17.4%) | 176 (19.5%) | 54 (13.7%) | 1,482 (17.6%) | |
| 5. Maintenance | 1,702 (54.5%) | 2,574 (64.2%) | 496 (54.9%) | 229 (58.1%) | 5,001 (59.4%) | |
| IPAQ-SF | ||||||
| Total PA (MET·min–1·week–1) | 2,999 (2413) | 2,971 (2320) | 2,877 (2351) | 3,211 (2644) | 2,983 (2374) | |
| Sitting time (min) | 452 (220) | 450 (171) | 411 (177)b | 437 (167) | 446 (192) | |
| IPAQ-SF Classifications n (%) | ||||||
| Low | 283 (9.1%) | 305 (7.6%) | 80 (8.9%) | 39 (9.9%) | 707 (8.4%) | |
| Moderate | 1,649 (52.8%) | 2,181 (54.4%) | 497 (55.0%) | 194 (49.1%) | 4,521 (53.7%) | |
| High | 1,189 (38.1%) | 1,521 (38.0%) | 326 (36.1%) | 162 (41.0%) | 3,198 (37.9%) | |
| WHO-5 | ||||||
| WHO-5 score | 52.08 (21.77) | 57.78 (20.76)d | 53.06 (20.56) | 54.41 (20.77)d | 55.00 (21.28) | |
| DASS | ||||||
| Depression | 2.63 (2.23) | 2.05 (1.85)b | 2.89 (2.26)c | 2.42 (1.98) | 2.37 (2.07) | |
| Anxiety | 0.95 (1.62) | 0.56 (1.16)b | 1.13 (1.77)c | 0.88 (1.40) | 0.78 (1.44) | |
| Stress | 2.58 (2.10) | 1.95 (1.71)b | 2.79 (2.12)c | 2.62 (2.01) | 2.31 (1.95) | |
a
Significant difference between sex (p < 0001).
b
Significantly lower than all other countries (p < 0.001).
c
Significantly higher than all other countries (p < 0001).
d
Significantly higher than the UK (p < 0001).