Fig. 11.

Biomedical applications of EMNMs. (A) The transportation and light responsive release of drug by protein-based microrokets. Reproduced with permission from ref 112. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (B) The self-propulsion of nanobots and glutathione-responsive cargo delivery, confocal microscopy images of HeLa cells treated with nanobots in the absence and presence of H₂O₂. Reproduced with permission from ref 113. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry. (C) Schematic illustration of asymmetric polymersomes, immunofluorescence histology of rat hippocampus sections treated with asymmetric polymersomes loaded with GOx + Cat. Reproduced with permission from ref 116. Copyright 2017, Science. (D) Targeting 3D bladder cancer spheroids by urease biocatalytic nanomotors. Reproduced with permission from ref 117. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. (E) The mobile photosensitizer platform for antibacteria photodynamic therapy based on urease-powered micromotors. Reproduced with permission from ref 90. Copyright 2019, Wiley.