Fig. 9.

The chemotaxis of EMNMs. (A) Chemotaxis of catalase and urease. Reproduced with permission from rf 25. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. (B) Schematic diagram of enzyme in concentration gradients of substrates, and the experimental and theoretical results of urease chemotaxis. Reproduced with permission from ref 103. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (C) Anti-chemotaxis of urease catalyzing urea hydrolysis in a microfluidic channel. Reproduced with permission from ref 105. Copyright 2018, PNAS. (D) Competition between the phoresis and binding-induced diffusion changes at different substrate concentrations. Reproduced with permission from ref 87. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (E) The positive or negative migration of enzyme-coated liposomes on the basis of enzymatic propulsion or solute interactions. Reproduced with permission from ref 106. Copyright 2019, Nature.