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Involvement of H2S in macrophage polarization. Increased levels of H2S in an inflammatory macrophage model (caused by stimuli such as IFN-γ, LPS, or Mtb infection) trigger a phenotypic shift in macrophages leading to an increased M2 phenotype. On the other hand, reduced H2S levels induce a pro-inflammatory response, which drives macrophages toward an M1 phenotype. Hence, H2S can trigger M1 to M2 macrophage polarization with few exceptions.
