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. 2020 Oct 21;7(4):159. doi: 10.3390/vetsci7040159

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Microscopic investigation of bee samples of two honeybee colonies to estimate nosemosis infestation (400×), orange circles = Nosema spores (oval-shaped, 4–7 µm in length, 2–4 µm in width), upper row = visual fields, lower row = close-ups. (A) Sample of a colony with a moderate infestation (between 20 and 100 spores per visual field), (B) sample of a colony with a slight infestation (less than 20 spores per visual field), (C) sample of a colony with a severe infestation (more than 100 spores per visual field), © Julia Dittes.