Table 1.
Metabolites that differentiated cancer patients and healthy individuals. Listed are compounds where differences between head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (samples A) and healthy controls (samples C) showed a large effect size (RBCC effect size ≥ 0.5).
| Metabolite Name | Class | Mean Abundance in Cancer (Samples A) |
Mean Abundance in Control (Samples C) |
Significance of Differences between Control and Cancer (RBCC Effect Size) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum Metabolites | ||||
| Upregulated in Cancer | ||||
| Myristic acid | Fatty acids | 3.90 × 10−3 | 3.18 × 10−3 | 0.82 |
| Hypoxanthine | Purines | 3.48 × 10−4 | 1.46 × 10−4 | 0.76 |
| L-Glutamic acid | Amino acids | 4.97 × 10−3 | 2.34 × 10−3 | 0.70 |
| Xanthine | Purines | 2.96 × 10−5 | 2.01 × 10−5 | 0.66 |
| beta-Lactose | Saccharides | 2.41 × 10−5 | 9.82 × 10−6 | 0.64 |
| L-Serine | Amino acids | 8.19 × 10−3 | 6.07 × 10−3 | 0.60 |
| Oleic acid monoglyceride | Glycerolipids | 2.41 × 10−5 | 3.14 × 10−5 | 0.60 |
| O-Acetylserine | Amino acids | 4.37 × 10−3 | 3.60 × 10−3 | 0.58 |
| Eicosenoic acid | Fatty acids | 3.61 × 10−5 | 2.18 × 10−5 | 0.58 |
| Palmitoleic acid | Fatty acids | 1.02 × 10−3 | 3.12 × 10−4 | 0.56 |
| Oleamide | Fatty acids | 6.71 × 10−5 | 1.72 × 10−5 | 0.54 |
| L-Aspartic acid | Amino acids | 2.02 × 10−3 | 1.32 × 10−3 | 0.52 |
| Downregulated in Cancer | ||||
| Inosine | Purines | 4.55 × 10−5 | 4.28 × 10−4 | −1.00 |
| Salicylic acid | Carboxylic acids | 6.74 × 10−6 | 8.44 × 10−4 | −0.92 |
| Adenosine | Purines | 1.27 × 10−5 | 5.74 × 10−5 | −0.89 |
| 2-Ethylhexanoic acid | Fatty acids | 1.14 × 10−4 | 2.51 × 10−4 | −0.74 |
| Gentisic acid | Carboxylic acids | 6.36 × 10−6 | 1.56 × 10−5 | −0.64 |
| D-Threitol | Sugar alcohols | 2.01 × 10−4 | 2.88 × 10−4 | −0.64 |
| Oxalic acid | Carboxylic acids | 2.08 × 10−2 | 2.47 × 10−2 | −0.62 |
| Paraxanthine | Purines | 1.94 × 10−4 | 4.26 × 10−4 | −0.62 |
| Serotonin | Amines | 5.43 × 10−5 | 1.06 × 10−4 | −0.60 |
| D-Ribose | Saccharides | 1.50 × 10−4 | 1.51 × 10−4 | −0.60 |
| N-acetyl-d-hexosamine | Amines | 6.21 × 10−5 | 1.69 × 10−5 | −0.57 |
| Nonanoic acid | Fatty acids | 2.23 × 10−4 | 2.67 × 10−4 | −0.56 |
| D-Xylonic acid | Sugar acids | 3.07 × 10−5 | 4.48 × 10−5 | −0.56 |
| Phosphate | Inorganic acids | 1.40 × 10−2 | 1.64 × 10−2 | −0.54 |
| L-Isoleucine | Amino acids | 2.69 × 10−3 | 3.30 × 10−3 | −0.52 |
| Exosome Metabolites | ||||
| Upregulated in Cancer | ||||
| 1-Hexadecanol | Fatty alcohols | 5.81 × 10−5 | 3.12 × 10−5 | 0.52 |
| Downregulated in Cancer | ||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | Carboxylic acids | 8.05 × 10−7 | 2.61 × 10−5 | −0.66 |
| Citric acid | Carboxylic acids | 8.58 × 10−6 | 3.22 × 10−4 | −0.54 |
| Propylene glycol | Others | 2.89 × 10−5 | 1.96 × 10−4 | −0.52 |