. 2020 Dec 2;6(3):1–10. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.6088

Table 2. Echocardiographic Findings by Sex.

Characteristic	Mean (SD) [range]		P value
Characteristic	Female athletes (n = 122)	Male athletes (n = 116)	P value
Structural
Interventricular septum, mm	8.3 (1.2) [6-12]	9.3 (1.3) [6-13]^a	<.001
Posterior wall, mm	8.6 (1.2) [6-11]	9.8 (1.4) [7-13]^a	<.001
Relative wall thickness	0.36 (0.06) [0.23-0.54]	0.38 (0.06) [0.26-0.56]^a	.04
Maximum wall thickness, mm	8.9 (1.2) [6-12]	10 (1.3) [7-13]^a	<.001
LV end-diastolic dimension, mm	48 (3.6) [39-61]	52 (3.7) [39-60]^a	<.001
LV end-systolic dimension, mm	31 (3.0) [24-40]	34 (3.7) [25-45]^a	<.001
LV outflow tract, mm	19 (1.7) [15-22]	21 (1.9) [16-28]^a	<.001
Aortic root: sinuses of valsalva, mm	26 (2.5) [20-33]	29 (2.7) [23-36]^a	<.001
Left atrium antero-posterior dimension, mm	33 (4.0) [22-44]	37 (3.6) [28-47]^a	<.001
Right ventricular basal diameter, end-diastole, mm	38 (4.2) [27-51]	42 (4.4) [32-54]^a	<.001
LV length, mm	83 (6.6) [48-101]	89 (5.7) [73-101]^a	<.001
LV mass, g	155 (27) [105-225]	205 (34) [130-309]^a	<.001
LV mass/BSA, g/cm²	91 (13) [64-122]	108 (16) [74-156]^a	<.001
Volumes and ventricular function
LV end-diastolic volume, mL	120 (22) [74-180]	155 (26) [105-228]^a	<.001
LV end-diastolic volume/BSA, mL/cm²	70 (11) [46-96]	81 (14) [58-127]^a	<.001
LV end-systolic volume, mL	43 (10) [23-87]	58 (12) [34-98]^a	<.001
LV ejection fraction, %	64 (5.5) [47-75]	63 (5.3) [49.6-77]^a	.03
Spectral and tissue doppler
Mitral inflow velocity
Early (E wave), cm/s	95 (18) [57-133]	92 (17) [59-143]	.25
Late (A wave), cm/s	40 (10) [22-73]	42 (11) [20-68]	.09
E/A ratio	2.5 (0.72) [1.3-5.6]	2.3 (0.68) [1.3-6.0]^a	.04
Lateral e′, cm/s	18 (2) [14-20]	21 (3) [17-27]^a	<.001
Pulmonary artery acceleration time, ms	173 (20) [122-214]	166 (19) [121-210]^a	.02
Estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mm Hg^b	26.1 (4.8) [18-41]	27.7 (4.8) [18-41]^a	.02

Abbreviations: BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular.

^{^a}

P < .05.

^{^b}

Estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure was calculated using pulmonary artery acceleration time according to published formula.²⁵