Table 3.
Summary of findings for fallers vs. non-fallers.
| Population: Anyone Classified as A Faller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Settings: Clinical or Laboratory | |||||
| Evaluation: Instrumented Sit-to-Stand Test | |||||
| Comparison: Non-Fallers | |||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative Example | Effect Size (95% CI) | Number of Participants (Studies) | Evidence Quality (GRADE) | |
| Fallers | Non-Fallers | ||||
| iSTS total time | 16.8 s | 14.3 s [37] | 0.42 1 (0.10, 0.74) | 172 (3 studies) | Low |
| iSTS stand-to-sit time | 0.45 s | 0.45 s [32] | 0.03 1 (−0.33, 0.39) | 172 (3 studies) | Low |
| iSTS sit-to-stand time | 0.49 s | 0.41 s [32] | 0.38 1 (0.10, 0.66) | 172 (3 studies) | Low |
| iSTS force/power | 6.2 W/Kg | 7.3 W/kg [36] | 0.56 1 (0.36, 0.76) | 126 (2 studies) | Low |
| iSTS frequency | 13.1 Hz | 11.3 Hz [32] | 0.45 1 (0.16, 0.73) | 39 (1 study) | Low |
| iSTS velocity | 0.41 m/s | 0.50 m/s [36] | 0.56 1 (0.35, 0.77) | 192 (2 studies) | Low |
| Physical function vs. iSTS force/power | r = 0.499 [38] peak GRF 3 vs. gait speed |
0.46 2 (0.35, 0.51) | 27 (1 study) | Low | |
| Physical function vs. iSTS velocity | r = 0.533 [37] STS velocity vs. knee extension |
0.43 2 (0.33, 0.53) | 94 (1 study) | Low | |
| Physical function vs. iSTS time | r = 0.316 [37] STS time vs. knee extension |
0.31 2 (0.21, 0.42) | 94 (1 study) | Low | |
| Classification using iSTS parameters | 72.6% accuracy in classifying fallers [31] | Not estimable | 261 (3 studies) | Low | |
1 Pooled estimate using Cohen’s d; 2 Pooled estimate using Fisher’s Z-transformed correlation coefficients; 3 Ground Reaction Force.