Table 2.
Effects of 6-week treatment with Ganoderma lucidum or placebo on happiness, satisfaction with life, depression, and GIIS in women with fibromyalgia a.
| Outcome Measurements |
Baseline (Mean ± SD) |
After 6 Weeks’ Treatment (Mean ± SD) |
p * | Treatment Effect Mean (95% CI) | p ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of the participants who completed the study | |||||
| SHS | |||||
| GLG (n = 26) | 3.83 ± 1.57 | 4.67 ± 1.44 | 0.009 | 0.66 (from 0.01 to 1.32) | 0.048 |
| PG (n = 23) | 4.55 ± 1.10 | 4.74 ± 0.93 | 0.428 | ||
| SWLS | |||||
| GLG (n = 26) | 16.58 ± 7.28 | 19.27 ± 7.17 | 0.003 | 2.69 (from −0.46 to 5.85) | 0.092 |
| PG (n = 23) | 19.13 ± 7.34 | 19.13 ± 7.31 | 0.326 | ||
| GDS | |||||
| GLG (n = 25) | 7.60 ± 3.39 | 5.36 ± 3.94 | 0.001 | −1.51 (from −3.51 to 0.48) | 0.134 |
| PG (n = 22) | 6.55 ± 3.12 | 5.81 ± 3.74 | 0.379 | ||
| GIIS | |||||
| GLG (n = 26) | NA | 2.54 ± 1.45 | NA | NA | 0.037 |
| PG (n = 24) | NA | 3.46 ± 1.59 | |||
| Intent-to-treat analysis (n = 64; GLG = 32; PG = 32) | |||||
| GHS | |||||
| GHS | 4.00 ± 1.64 | 4.69 ± 1.45 | 0.007 | 0.52 (from −0.048 to 1.09) | 0.072 |
| GLG | 4.43 ± 1.25 | 4.59 ± 1.14 | 0.305 | ||
| SLS | |||||
| SLS | 17.22 ± 7.17 | 19.60 ± 7.35 | 0.003 | 3.35 (from 0.62 to 6.09) | 0.017 |
| GLG | 19.00 ± 6.80 | 18.03 ± 6.90 | 0.326 | ||
| GDS | |||||
| GDS | 7.25 ± 3.45 | 5.60 ± 4.14 | 0.007 | −0.93 (from −3.67 to 0.23) | 0.082 |
| GLG | 6.31 ± 3.01 | 6.38 ± 4.14 | 0.927 | ||
a Values are expressed in points. * p: t-test values for the intragroup analysis. ** p: values for the analysis of variance for repeated measures to compare the difference between groups after 6 weeks’ treatment (after applying the Bonferroni correction, p < 0.004). GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; SHS: Subjective Happiness Scale; SWLS: Satisfaction with Life Scale; GIIS: Global Impression of Improvement Scale; GLG: Ganoderma lucidum group; PG: placebo group; NA: not applicable.