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Nanostructures (LIPSS or spikes) and multiscale laser patterns (LP) produced by a femtosecond laser. (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of polished surfaces and laser-nanostructured surfaces with LIPSS or spikes (tilt 45°). (b) SEM micrographs and focus variation microscopy of laser-patterned surfaces. LP_LIPSS and LP_spikes with a mix of polished and nanostructured areas. The micro-pits located in the center of the patterns were deeper and covered with LIPSS.
