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. 2020 Nov 10;8(4):26. doi: 10.3390/jdb8040026

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cranial neural crest cell migration. Following closure of the neural tube, cranial neural crest cells expressing foxd3, sox10, and crestin migrate between the neural epithelial-derived forebrain and optic vesicle and the surface epithelium. Sox4 within neural crest cells together with Sox11 and Zic2 regulate hh-patterning of the dorsal-ventral retina and subsequent expression of Pax2a and Vsx1/2. In addition, retinoic acid (RA) regulation of Pitx2 and Foxc1 within periocular neural crest cells is important for optic cup and anterior segment development.