Table 3.
Changes in primary and secondary outcome measures over 3 months according to treatment group (N = 100) *.
| Outcome Measure | Experimental Treatment (eHealth Intervention) |
Control Treatment (Wait List) |
p | Effect Size (SMD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 51 | n = 49 | |||
| Mean Change Score (95% CI) |
Mean Change Score (95% CI) |
|||
| Primary Outcome Measures | ||||
| SPADE cluster score | 1.2 (0.2–2.2) | 0.2 (−1.1–1.5) | 0.23 | 0.24 |
| SPADE scale scores | ||||
| Sleep disturbance | 1.0 (−0.6–2.6) | 0.1 (−1.5–1.8) | 0.47 | 0.15 |
| Pain interference with activities | 1.3 (−0.1–2.6) | 0.9 (−0.5–2.4) | 0.72 | 0.07 |
| Anxiety | 1.2 (−1.0–3.4) | −0.8 (−3.1–1.6) | 0.23 | 0.24 |
| Depression | 1.9 (−0.1–3.9) | −1.1 (−3.6–1.4) | 0.06 | 0.37 |
| Low energy/fatigue | 0.7 (−1.1–2.5) | 1.8 (−0.6–4.2) | 0.47 | −0.15 |
| Secondary Outcome Measures | ||||
| Low back pain intensity (NRS score) | −0.3 (−0.8–0.2) | −0.1 (−0.5–0.3) | 0.59 | −0.11 |
| Back-related disability (RMDQ score) | 0.9 (−0.3–2.1) | −0.4 (−1.2–0.4) | 0.07 | 0.36 |
* The reported P values are for the differences in mean change scores between groups. The SMDs were computed as the between-group differences in mean change scores/pooled SD of the relevant change score. Positive SMDs favor the experimental treatment. The data were provided by patients who completed the 3-month follow-up encounter. NRS denotes numerical rating scale; RMDQ, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; SMD, standardized mean difference; SPADE, sleep disturbance, pain interference with activities, anxiety, depression, low energy/fatigue.