Table 3.

Socio-demographic characteristics of the study population.

Characteristics	All (N = 580)		Parents Who Passed the Consistency Test (N = 428)		Parents Who Failed the Consistency Test (N = 152)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years) a	31.22	0.21	31.27	0.24	31.04	0.44
Household size a	4.56	0.05	4.58	0.06	4.53	0.10
Monthly income (RMB) a	12539.2	530.68	12762.24	666.22	11911.18	763.45
Monthly expenditure (RMB) a	7215.10	223.37	7141.47	247.43	7422.41	492.06
Child’ age a	2.03	0.05	2.09	0.06	1.85	0.09
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Relation to the child b
Mother	474	81.72	351	82.01	123	80.92
Father	106	18.28	77	17.99	29	19.08
Ethics
Han	549	94.66	403	94.16	146	96.05
Minority	31	5.34	25	5.84	6	3.95
Child’s gender b
Male	302	52.07 *	236	55.14 *	66	43.42 *
Female	278	47.93 *	192	44.86 *	86	56.58 *
One child b
Yes	261	45.00	193	45.09	68	44.74
No	319	55.00	235	54.91	84	55.26
Child health c
Very good	276	47.59 *	195	45.56 *	81	53.29 *
Good	242	41.72 *	180	42.06 *	62	40.79 *
Fair or poor	62	10.69 *	53	12.38 *	9	5.92 *
Job b
Working	387	66.72	292	68.22	95	62.50
Non-working	193	33.28	136	31.78	57	37.50
Region b
Urban	355	61.21	256	59.81	99	65.13
Rural	225	38.79	172	40.19	53	34.87
Education levels c
Primary or below	8	1.38	7	1.64	1	0.66
Junior or senior	247	42.59	188	43.93	59	38.82
College and above	325	56.03	233	54.43	92	60.52

Note: 1. a—Student’s t-test, b—χ² test, c—Wilcoxon rank-sum test. 2. * p < 0.05.