Table 4.
Non-enzymatic glucose detection with conducting polymers (CPs) matrices.
| CPs | Metal Particles | Analytical Performance | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polybithiophene | Pd microparticles | Linearity: 0.04 to 0.4 mM LOD: 7 µM (under alkaline conditions) |
[156] |
| Keggin Polyoxometalate/MWCNTs | Mixed-valence Co(III) and Co(II) structures | Linearity: 0.1 mM to 10.0 mM LOD: 1.21 µM (in 0.1 M NaOH) |
[157] |
| PPY nanowire | A nickel-cobalt-sulfide nanosheet | Two linear ranges: 2 μM to 140 μM 0.14 mM to 2 mM LOD: 0.82 µM (in 0.1 M NaOH) |
[158] |
| Benzoic acid-functionalized poly(terthiophene) | AuNPs | Potentiometric response (in saliva): 0.32 µM–1 mM, LOD = 0.19 μM. |
[159] |
| Poly (o-phenylenediamide) | Ag-NPs | Linearity: 0.15 to 13 mM LOD: 12 μM Detecting blood glucose, PBS pH 7 |
[160] |
| Poly(thieno[3–4-b]-1,4-dioxin-2-methanol) | Not required | Linearity: 1–9 mM In 0.1 M PBS |
[161] |
| PANI nanofiber | NiO/CuO NPs | Linearity: 20 to 2500 μM LOD: 2 μM (in 0.1 M NaOH) |
[162] |
| PPY | ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles | Linear up to 8 mM LOD: 0.1 mM, in).1 M NaOH |
[163] |
| PPY nanowires | CuO-Cu2O NPs | Linear up to 8 mM LOD: 6.2 µM (in 50 mM NaOH) |
[164] |
| Poly(3-octylthiophene) | Au NPs | Potentiometric, Linear: 5–30 mM, LOD: 0.2 mM, in boric acid-borate buffer, pH 9 plus 100 mM NaCl | [165] |
| PPY nanowire/nickel foam substrate | NiCo2O4 | LOD = 0.22 μM, linearity: 0.001–20 mM (in 0.1 M NaOH) | [166] |
| Conductive Polyaniline Nanosheets (CPANINS) | LOD = 0.043 μM, Linearity: 1–1000 μM (in 0.1 M H2SO4) |
[167] | |
| PANI/MWCNTs | ZnO | LOD: 0.1 mM, two linear regions: 0.1 to 1 mM and 1 to 6 mM (10 mM NaOH) | [168] |
| PANI | NiO | LOD: 0.06 μM, linearity: 1–3000 μM | [169] |
AuNPs = gold nanoparticles, AgNPs = silver nanoparticles, PANI = polyaniline, PPY = polypyrrole, MWCNT = multiwalled carbon nanotubes.