Table 1.

Essential oils were shown to be active against bacterial strains of animal origin in in vitro and in vivo studies.

Bacterial Pathogen	Study	Animal Source	Active Essential Oils	References
Escherichia coli	In vitro	Poultry	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	[8]
			Syzigium aromaticum	[8]
			Litsea cubeba	[8]
			Cymbopogon citratus	[8,13]
			Mentha piperita	[8,14]
			Ocimum basilicum	[8]
			Pelargonium graveolens	[8,17,18]
	In vitro	Dog	Origanum vulgare	[20]
			Thymus vulgaris	[20]
			Illicium verum	[20]
			ocimum basilicum	[20]
			Salvia sclarea	[20]
Salmonella enterica serov Enteritidis and Typhimurium	In vitro	Poultry	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	[23]
			Syzigium aromaticum	[23]
Salmonella enterica serov. Enteritidis	In vivo	Poultry	EOA1, EOA2 *	[27]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	In vitro	Dog	Salvia sclarea	[36]
			Ocimum basilicum	[36]
			Rosmarinus officinals	[36]
Pseudomonas spp.	In vitro	Fish	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	[40]
			Lavandula angustifolia	[40]
			Pinus montana	[40]
			Pinus sylvestris	[40]
			Mentha piperita	[40]
			Foeniculum vulgare	[40]
			Satureja hortensis	[40]
			Origanum vulgare	[40]
			Pimpinella anisum	[40]
			Rosmarinus officinalis	[40]
			Salvia officinalis	[40]
			Abies alba	[40]
			Citrus aurantium var. dulce	[40]
			Citrus sinensis	[40]
			Cymbopogon nardus	[40]
			Mentha spicata var. crispa	[40]
			Thymus vulgaris	[40]
			Thymus serpyllum	[40]
			Ocimum basilicum	[40]
			Coriandrum sativum	[40]
			Carum carvi	[40]
Campylobacter jejuni	In vitro	Poultry	Leptospermum sp.	[45]
			Melaleuca alternifolia	[45]
			Backhousia citriodora	[45]
Staphylococcus spp.	In vitro	Dog	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	[50,57]
			Commiphora myrrha	[50]
			Helichrysum pandurifolium	[55,56]
			Helichrysum trilineatum	[55,56]
			Helichrysum araxinum	[55,56]
			Satureja montana	[57]
			Melissa officinalis	[57]
			Leptospermum scoparium	[57]
			Thymus vulgaris	[36,50]
			Origanum vulgare	[36,50]
Staphylococcus spp.	In vivo	Cattle	Thymus vulgaris	[63]
			Lavandula angustifolia	[63]
Streptococcus iniae	In vivo/in vitro	Fish	Cinnamomum verum	[69]
	In vivo	Fish	Syzigium aromaticum	[70]
Streptococcus suis	In vitro	Swine	Thymus vulgaris	[74]
			Origanum vulgare	[74]
Enterococcus spp.	In vitro	Dog/Cat	Thymus vulgaris	[20]
			Origanum vulgare	[20]
Mycobacterium spp (NTM)	In vitro	Not specified	Zingiber officinale	[86]
Mycobacterium avium	In vitro	Cattle	Origanum vulgare	[89,90]
paratuberculosis			Cinnamomum sp.	[89,90]

* Legend—EOA1 (thymol, carvacrol, benzoic acid, butyric acid, and excipients such as silicon dioxide and palm oil); EOA2 (cinnamylaldehyde, caproic acid, benzoic acid, butyric acid, and the excipients silicon dioxide and palm oil).