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. 2020 Oct 14;7(4):128. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering7040128

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Scheme of the CRISPR/Cas9 editing mechanism. Cas9 protein (pink) and gRNA (light blue) get associated to the target DNA (green). By its nuclease activity, Cas9 produces a double-strand break (DSB) in the target sequence, guided by the PAM (protospacer adjacent motif, yellow). Then, the cell needs to repair the damage, by homologous direct repair (HDR) which can introduce controlled mutations by supplying a donor DNA, or by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), producing insertions or deletions (Indel).