Table 1.

Some honey bee pests and diseases correlated with colony losses.

Type of Pathogen	Kind of Relationship	References
Varroa destructor	Ectoparasitic mite	[11,12]
Acarapis woodi	Tracheal mite	[13]
Varroa jacobsoni	Ectoparasitic mite	[14]
Tropilaelaps clareae	Ectoparasitic mite	[15]
Deformed wing virus A	Viral pathogen	[16,17,18,19,20]
Deformed wing virus B (VDV1)
Acute bee paralysis virus
Kashmir bee virus
Israeli acute paralysis virus
Chronic bee paralysis
Sacbrood virus
Black queen cell virus
Nosema ceranae	Intestinal parasites	[21,22]
Nosema apis
Nosema neumanni
Ascosphaera apis	Fungal pathogen	[23]
Aspergillus spp.
Aethina tumida	Beekeeping pest	[24,25,26,27,28,29,30]