Table 3.
Association between commensality and general characteristics of depression
| Depression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 5854) |
Women (n-8271) |
|||
| Odds Ratio | 95% CIa | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | |
| Commensalityb | ||||
| Eating 3 meals together | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Eating 2 meals together | 1.15 | (0.90–1.46) | 1.15 | (0.97–1.36) |
| Eating 1 meals together | 1.17 | (0.87–1.56) | 1.36 | (1.13–1.63) |
| Eating no meals together | 1.72 | (1.27–2.34) | 1.58 | (1.28–1.95) |
| Household member | ||||
| Alone | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| > 1 | 1.61 | (1.22–2.14) | 0.90 | (0.73–1.01) |
| Generation | ||||
| 20–29 years old | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| 30–49 years old | 0.72 | (0.59–1.01) | 0.66 | (0.52–0.83) |
| 50–64 years old | 0.80 | (0.55–1.15) | 0.70 | (0.53–0.91) |
| ≥ 65 years old | 0.54 | (0.37–0.80) | 0.49 | (0.35–0.68) |
| Residential area | ||||
| Metropolis | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| City | 0.97 | (0.79–1.19) | 0.99 | (0.86–1.14) |
| Rural area | 0.82 | (0.63–1.07) | 1.17 | (0.98–1.39) |
| Household Income | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Medium-low | 0.80 | (0.61–1.03) | 0.62 | (0.52–0.74) |
| Medium-high | 0.51 | (0.37–0.69) | 0.53 | (0.44–0.65) |
| High | 0.63 | (0.47–0.85) | 0.48 | (0.38–0.59) |
| Educational Attainment | ||||
| Elementary School | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Middle School | 0.85 | (0.62–1.17) | 0.85 | (0.68–1.07) |
| High School Diploma | 0.82 | (0.62–1.10) | 0.69 | (0.56–0.85) |
| Bachelor’s Degree or Higher | 0.70 | (0.50–0.98) | 0.56 | (0.42–0.71) |
| Occupation | ||||
| White Collar | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Sales and Services | 1.49 | (1.05–2.13) | 1.23 | (0.96–1.58) |
| Blue Collar | 1.34 | (0.95–1.89) | 1.29 | (0.98–1.69) |
| Unemployed | 1.92 | (1.37–2.69) | 1.36 | (1.10–1.69) |
| Chronic Illnesses | ||||
| None | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| 1 | 1.38 | (1.08–1.78) | 1.10 | (0.91–1.33) |
| 2 or more | 1.43 | (1.10–1.87) | 1.26 | (1.04–1.53) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Non-smoker | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Current smoker | 1.24 | (0.95–1.62) | 2.15 | (1.67–2.76) |
| Past smoker | 1.06 | (0.81–1.38) | 1.30 | (1.00–1.69) |
| Drinking | ||||
| Non-drinker | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| < 1 time per/month | 0.70 | (0.48–1.02) | 1.02 | (0.86–1.22) |
| < 4 times per/month | 0.58 | (0.39–0.84) | 0.99 | (0.81–1.20) |
| 2–3 times per week | 0.63 | (0.42–0.93) | 1.06 | (0.80–1.40) |
| ≥ 4 per week | 0.83 | (0.55–1.25) | 1.43 | (0.96–2.13) |
aCI Confidence Interval
bCommensality is analyzed by Controlled variables includes household members, generation, Residential area, household income, educational attainment, occupation, chronic illnesses, smoking, drinking