Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Participants Included in the Validation Study
| All (n = 809) | Men (n = 425) | Women (n = 384) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 53.1 ± 11.9 | 55.5 ± 11.0 | 50.4 ± 12.2 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.6 ± 3.8 | 26.1 ± 3.3 | 25.0 ± 4.2 |
| BMI category | |||
| < 25 kg/m2 | 387 (48) | 165 (39) | 222 (58) |
| ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 421 (52) | 259 (61) | 162 (42) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 90.7 ± 12.0 | 95.9 ± 10.3 | 84.8 ± 11.1 |
| Education, n (%) | |||
| Low | 54 (7) | 31 (7) | 23 (6) |
| Intermediate | 223 (28) | 109 (26) | 114 (30) |
| High | 529 (65) | 285 (67) | 244 (64) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 364 (52) | 170 (45) | 194 (60) |
| Former | 270 (39) | 163 (44) | 107 (33) |
| Current | 65 (9) | 41 (11) | 24 (7) |
| Disease history, n (%) | |||
| Cancer | 44 (5) | 17 (4) | 27 (7) |
| Diabetes | 21 (3) | 15 (4) | 6 (2) |
| Heart attack | 16 (2) | 12 (3) | 4 (1) |
| Hypertension | 179 (22) | 101 (24) | 78 (20) |
| High cholesterol | 147 (18) | 92 (22) | 55 (14) |
| Stroke | 9 (1) | 8 (2) | 1 (0) |
| Diet during month preceding study, n (%) | |||
| No | 749 (93) | 402 (94) | 347 (91) |
| Yes, always | 28 (3) | 8 (2) | 20 (5) |
| Yes, sometimes | 31 (4) | 15 (4) | 16 (4) |
| Energy, kcal/day | |||
| FFQ | 2143.7 ± 504.8 | 2344.6 ± 509.7 | 1921.3 ± 394.5 |
| 24-h Recalla | 2129.2 ± 444.2 | 2315.2 ± 451.2 | 1923.4 ± 331.5 |
| Protein, g/day | |||
| FFQ | 77.4 ± 17.7 | 83.4 ± 17.7 | 70.7 ± 15.1 |
| 24-h Recalla | 82.6 ± 18.4 | 89.8 ± 18.6 | 74.6 ± 14.5 |
| Fat, g/day | |||
| FFQ | 85.4 ± 25.9 | 93.1 ± 27.1 | 76.9 ± 21.6 |
| 24-h Recalla | 81.6 ± 21.7 | 87.7 ± 22.8 | 74.7 ± 18.1 |
| Carbohydrates, g/day | |||
| FFQ | 231.6 ± 61.1 | 251.7 ± 63.5 | 209.4 ± 49.6 |
| 24-h Recalla | 230.8 ± 58.0 | 249.1 ± 62.2 | 210.5 ± 44.8 |
| Fibre, g/day | |||
| FFQ | 25.0 ± 6.8 | 26.1 ± 7.3 | 23.8 ± 5.9 |
| 24-h Recalla | 23.4 ± 6.8 | 24.5 ± 7.1 | 22.1 ± 6.2 |
BMI Body mass index, FFQ Food frequency questionnaire, SD Standard deviation
Values are presented as mean ± SD, unless otherwise specified. Missing values: BMI (n = 1), waist circumference (n = 1), education (n = 3), smoking status (n = 110), diet during last month (n = 1)
aMean of multiple 24-h recalls