Table 1.
COVID-19 candidate vaccines, as of 27 September 2020.
| Developer | Type of Candidate Vaccine | Vaccine Platform | Clinical Trial Phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Oxford/AstraZeneca | ChAdOx1-S | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Phase 3 |
| CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing institute of Biotechnology | Adenovirus Type 5 Vector | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Phase 3 |
| Gamaleya Research Institute | Adeno-based (rAd26-S+rAd5-S) | Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Phase 3 |
| Sinovac | Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 3 |
| Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm |
Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 3 |
| Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm |
Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 3 |
| Moderna/NIAID | LNP-encapsulated mRNA | RNA | Phase 3 |
| BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer | 3 LNP-mRNAs | RNA | Phase 3 |
| Novavax | Full length recombinant SARS CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M |
Protein Subunit | Phase 2b |
| Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer) |
Protein Subunit | Phase 2 |
| Curevac | mRNA | RNA | Phase 2 |
| Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 |
| Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan | Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 |
| Inovio Pharmaceuticals/International Vaccine Institute | DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation | DNA | Phase 1/2 |
| Osaka University/AnGes/Takara Bio | DNA plasmid vaccine + Adjuvant | DNA | Phase 1/2 |
| Cadila Healthcare Limited | DNA plasmid vaccine | DNA | Phase 1/2 |
| Genexine Consortium | DNA Vaccine (GX-19) | DNA | Phase 1/2 |
| Bharat Biotech | Whole-Virion Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 |
| Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies | Ad26COVS1 | Non-Replicating Viral Vector |
Phase 1/2 |
| Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc. | RBD-based | Protein Subunit | Phase 1/2 |
| Sanofi Pasteur/GSK | S protein (baculovirus production) | Protein Subunit | Phase 1/2 |
| Arcturus/Duke-NUS | mRNA | RNA | Phase 1/2 |
| ReiThera/LEUKOCARE/Univercells | Replication defective Simian Adenovirus (GRAd) encoding S |
Non-Replicating Viral Vector |
Phase 1 |
| Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax | Native like Trimeric subunit Spike Protein vaccine | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 |
| Vaxine Pty Ltd./Medytox | Recombinant spike protein with Advax™ adjuvant | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 |
| University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus | Molecular clamp stabilised Spike protein with MF59 adjuvant | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 |
| Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/NIAID/Dynavax | S-2P protein + CpG 1018 | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 |
| Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba | RBD + Adjuvant | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 |
| FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo | Peptide | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 |
| West China Hospital, Sichuan University | RBD (baculovirus production expressed in Sf9 cells) | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 |
| Institute Pasteur/Themis/Univ. of Pittsburgh CVR/Merck Sharp & Dohme | Measles-vector based | Replicating Viral Vector | Phase 1 |
| Imperial College London | LNP-nCoVsaRNA | RNA | Phase 1 |
| People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech | mRNA | RNA | Phase 1 |
| Medicago Inc. | Plant-derived VLP adjuvanted with GSK or Dynavax adjs. | VLP | Phase 1 |