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. 2020 Dec 3;10:21057. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78038-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The average fold change of metabolites with significantly different levels between healthy control 1 (HC1) and patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) (Mann–Whitney test; P < 0.05 adjusted by FDR) (A). The representative box plots of metabolite concentrations within the top tenfold change values (B). Metabolite concentrations are normalized to that of creatinine for each sample. The comparison among HC1, polyp (P), and CRC groups was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s post-tests. All metabolites shown here had P < 0.005 in the Kruskal–Wallis test, and ***, **, and * indicate P < 0.0001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05 in the post-tests, respectively. GraphPad Prism (ver. 8.4.2, https://www.graphpad.com/) was used.