Figure 1.

LPS induces urinary frequency more rapidly than inflammatory changes in the bladder and urine. (a) Representative images of the bladder stained with hematoxylin and eosin after intravesical exposure to saline or LPS. Images at 1 h after administration of saline (left) or LPS (middle) and 12 h after LPS administration (right) are shown. Arrows indicate neutrophils. Scale bars, 40 μm. (b) Representative images of Samson stained urine after intravesical exposure to saline or LPS. Images at 1 h after administration of saline (left) or LPS (middle), and 12 h after LPS administration (right) are shown. Arrows indicate neutrophils. Scale bars, 50 μm. (c) Representative cystometrograms of saline and LPS instillation in wild-type mice. Scale bars, 10 min. At least three independent experiments were performed and similar results were obtained.