Fig. 7.

Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PD and control brains. Fold change in TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in PD compared to controls. The dotted line marks the control group (Fold change = 1 indicates same levels of gene expression as in controls. Fold-change > 1 indicates increased gene expression, while < 1 denotes decreased expression compared to controls). a In the substantia nigra, TLR4 expression was significantly higher in the PD group compared to controls (two-tailed unpaired t-test, t(18) = 3.09 p = 0.006; Control n = 6, PD n = 14) b TLR4 expression was also elevated in the amygdala (two-tailed unpaired t-test, t(11) = 2.41, p = 0.035; Control n = 5, PD n = 8). c No differences in either TLR2 or TLR4 gene expression were observed in the hippocampus (two-tailed unpaired t-test p > 0.05; Control n = 7, PD n = 13). d There was a significant increase in TLR4 expression in the frontal cortex of PD cases compared to controls (two-tailed unpaired t-test, t(17) = 3.14, p = 0.006; Control n = 7, PD n = 12). Fold change = 2^−∆∆CT. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01