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. 2020 Dec 3;10:21066. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78121-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Consumptive ampicillin titration of EVs from stress condition and normal condition using LC-QQQ-based assessment in a cell-free system. The concentration of each EVs was fixed at 5 μg/mL, and the concentration of ampicillin was changed to 10, 40, 160, or 640 μg/mL. Ampicillin concentration was determined at an interval of 3 h up to 6 h. Ampicillin without EVs was used as a positive control and taken as 100%, and the corresponding concentrations of ampicillin in samples treated with EV_Strs and EV_Nor were analyzed. ****P < 0.0001.