Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants by study
| Characteristic | Study 1 (N = 138) | Study 2 (N = 74) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soccer players (n = 69) | Controls (n = 69) | p-value | Swimmers (n = 37) | Controls (n = 37) | p-value | |
| Age (yrs) | 14.4 ± 1.9 | 14.3 ± 1.6 | .511 | 12.3 ± 2.1 | 12.5 ± 2.0 | .650 |
| Sex (f/m) | 0/69 | 0/69 | 22/15 | 22/15 | ||
| Body mass (kg) | 60.9 ± 14.8 | 64.8 ± 15.8 | .136 | 49.2 ± 14.8 | 52.6 ± 17.8 | .378 |
| Body height (cm) | 169.6 ± 12.5 | 173.5 ± 12.4 | .069 | 160.8 ± 14.7 | 160.5 ± 14.7 | .928 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8 ± 2.9 | 21.3 ± 4.0 | .419 | 18.6 ± 2.5 | 19.8 ± 3.3 | .079 |
| Maturity offset (yrs from PHV) | 1.0 ± 1.5 | 0.9 ± 2.7 | .750 | 0.1 ± 2.0 | 0.3 ± 1.9 | .618 |
| Left leg length (cm) | 90.2 ± 6.2 | 94.1 ± 7.7 | .196 | – | – | – |
| Right leg length (cm) | 90.1 ± 6.1 | 94.0 ± 7.5 | .184 | – | – | – |
| Left arm length (cm) | – | – | – | 81.8 ± 8.7 | 81.0 ± 8.2 | .686 |
| Right arm length (cm) | – | – | – | 81.9 ± 8.8 | 81.2 ± 8.3 | .706 |
| Trunk length (cm) | 79.8 ± 8.3 | 80.2 ± 8.2 | .419 | – | – | – |
| Relative lower limb length (%) | 53.1 ± 2.0 | 54.0 ± 2.8 | .504 | – | – | – |
Data are mean ± standard deviation
BMI body mass index, f female, m male, PHV peak height velocity