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. 2020 Dec 3;10:21146. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78302-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a candidate metabolite that is increased in tdh2∆ cells to suppress replication fork slippage. (a) The metabolic pathway of the de novo NAD⁺ synthesis pathway (kynurenine pathway). NaMN: nicotinic acid mononucleotide. (b) Comparison of intracellular QUIN levels among strains. Relative amount of QUIN in each cell per wild-type cell (WT = 100). *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. Unpaired t-test (two-tailed). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three biological replicates. (c) Plate assays monitoring the sensitivity of each DNA damaging agent. (d,e) Pedigree analysis to count replicative lifespans among cells. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. N.S: nonsignificant. Unpaired t-test (two-tails). Over 50 cells/strain were used for analysis. (f) The frequencies of the CaURA3 deletion among repeats. DRs: direct repeats. *P < 0.05. Unpaired t-test (two-tailed). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three biological replicates.