Table 3.

Optimized parameters and initial conditions of the SEIRD model.

Parameter	Description	Minimum value	Maximum value	Optimized value
$\mathrm{\sigma }$	Rate of latent individuals becoming infectious	0	0.1	0.00051
$\beta$	Probability of transmitting disease between a susceptible and an infectious individual	0	1	1
$\gamma$	Recovery rate, which can be initially estimated as $\gamma =1/D$, where $D$ is the average duration of infection.	0	0.1	0.0088
$\alpha$	Starting death rate from COVID	0	0.3	0.3
$\mathrm{\xi }$	Decaying speed of death rate due to enhancements in treatment	0	0.1	0.009
$S_0$	The initial fraction of the susceptible population	0.4	1	0.45
$E_0$	The initial fraction of the exposed population	0	0.05	0.035
$A_r$	Ascertainment rate, %	5%	100%	10.6%