TABLE 2.

Interpretation of Liver Test Results in COVID-19 Patients

Test	Comments
Hypoalbuminemia	Common in patients with systemic inflammatory response, may also be suggestive of acute hepatic decompensation/ACLF in patients with pre-existing liver cirrhosis
Prolonged INR or thrombopenia	Spontaneous coagulopathy/DIC may be present in 1/3 of sick patients15,21 Thromboembolic events likely common. ACLF may be a possibility
High transaminases or bilirubin (>3×ULN)	Not typical for COVID-19, however in patients with pre-existing liver disease (cirrhosis) may indicate ACLF
Anemia	GI bleeding: ulcer? Variceal hemorrhage?
Imaging	Chest-CT often done in some places: Could it help to assess liver/biliary tract disease? If indicated do US but avoid unnecessary imaging including US (not formally investigated)
GI symptoms including diarrhea	Common

ACLF indicates acute-on-chronic liver failure; CT, computed tomography; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; GI, gastrointestinal; US, ultrasound; INR, international normalised ratio.