Table 2.
Treatment Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Receiving a Bedaquiline- or Delamanid-Based Treatment Regimen
| Characteristic, median (IQR) | Delamanid, n = 31 | Bedaquiline, n = 64 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Days from SLD initiation to starting bedaquiline or delamanid | 4 (0–31) | 15 (0–71) | .14 |
| Initiated bedaquiline or delamanid <15 days from treatment start | 19 (61) | 34 (53) | .45 |
| Bedaquiline or delamanid duration, days | 182 (173–206) | 171 (166–190) | |
| Initial hospitalization duration, days | 111 (72–209) | 103 (64–174) | .27 |
| Subsequent hospitalizations | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1, 2) | .49 |
| Follow-up sputum cultures | 11 (9–13) | 12 (9–14) | .83 |
| Adjunctive surgical resection, n (%) | 1 (3) | 5 (8) | .39 |
| Treatment duration, days | 533 (283–608) | 549 (394–609) | |
| Initial companion drugs, n (%) | |||
| Linezolid | 25 (81) | 50 (78) | .78 |
| Clofazamine | 26 (81) | 43 (67) | .09 |
| Imipenem | 11 (36) | 9 (14) | .01 |
| Pyrazinamide | 4 (13) | 7 (11) | .78 |
| Ethambutol | 1 (3) | 5 (8) | .39 |
| Levofloxacin or moxifloxacin | 11 (36) | 25 (39) | .74 |
| Capreomycin or kanamycin | 19 (61) | 43 (67) | .57 |
| Para-aminosalicylic acid | 5 (16) | 15 (23) | .41 |
| Cycloserine | 20 (65) | 58 (91) | .002 |
| Prothionamide | 6 (19) | 26 (41) | .04 |
| Median drugs received, n (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (5, 6) | .17 |
| Median effective drugs received, n (IQR) | 4.0 (3.5–5) | 4.0 (4) | .98 |
| Effective Class A or B drugs received | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2, 3) | .43 |
| Clinical outcomes, n (%) | |||
| Median follow-up time since treatment initation, days (IQR) | 905 (812–992) | 855 (716–1016) | .72 |
| Median follow-up time post–treatment outcome, days (IQR) | 396 (258–579) | 367 (230–545) | .57 |
| Sputum culture conversion, n = 91 | 23 (74) | 59 (98) | |
| Culture conversion within 60 days, n = 91 | 15 (48) | 38 (63) | a |
| Culture conversion within 180 days, n = 91 | 23 (74) | 57 (95) | a |
| Acquired drug resistance | 11 (36) | 6 (10) | <.01 |
| Initial treatment outcome | |||
| Cured | 17 (54) | 42 (66) | |
| Completed | 4 (13) | 5 (8) | |
| Loss to follow-up | 2 (7) | 16 (25) | |
| Failure | 6 (19) | 1 (2) | |
| Death | 2 (7) | 0 | |
| Loss to follow-up with recategorized outcomes, n = 18 | |||
| Poor | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | |
| Favorable | 0 | 5 (8) | |
| Relapse | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | |
| Overall treatment outcomes, n = 84 | … | … | a |
| Poor | 10 (33) | 3 (6) | |
| Favorable | 20 (67) | 51 (94) |
There were 68 patients (72%) with MDR-TB who had an initial favorable outcome; the remaining 27 patients (28%) had poor outcomes, including death (2%), failure (7%), and LFU (19%).
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; LFU, loss to follow-up; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; SLD, second-line drugs.
aSee Table 4 for adjusted analyses.