Table 3.

Mean Perioperative Body Temperature (℃) and Mean Difference between Groups

Time	10-min pre-warming group		Control group		Mean difference between groups (95% CI)	P value
	Body temperature	Number	Body temperature	Number
Baseline	37.0 ± 0.33	28	37.1 ± 0.35	28	–0.071 (–0.290 to 0.147)	0.519
Pre-induction	37.1 ± 0.31	28	37.1 ± 0.34	28	0.007 (–0.147 to 0.290)	0.948
0 min	36.6 ± 0.34	28	36.4 ± 0.39	28	0.214 (–0.004 to 0.433)	0.055
15 min	36.6 ± 0.37	28	36.3 ± 0.38	28	0.254 (0.035 to 0.472)	0.023
30 min	36.5 ± 0.42	28	36.3 ±0.40	27	0.233 (0.014 to 0.452)	0.038
45 min	36.6 ± 0.44	25	36.3 ± 0.41	25	0.248 (0.025 to 0.472)	0.029
60 min	36.6 ± 0.46	24	36.3 ± 0.41	23	0.286 (0.060 to 0.512)	0.014
75 min	36.6 ± 0.50	18	36.2 ± 0.37	15	0.340 (0.096 to 0.584)	0.007
90 min	36.5 ± 0.41	15	36.2 ± 0.37	9	0.318 (0.050 to 0.587)	0.020
105 min	36.6 ± 0.47	11	36.3 ± 0.34	9	0.324 (0.045 to 0.603)	0.023
120 min	36.4 ± 0.61	7	36.2 ± 0.33	6	0.286 (–0.033 to 0.606)	0.079
PACU arrival	36.7 ± 0.54	28	36.5 ± 0.43	28	0.229 (0.010 to 0.447)	0.041
PACU 10 min	36.8 ± 0.48	28	36.5 ± 0.50	28	0.332 (0.114 to 0.551)	0.003
PACU 20 min	36.8 ± 0.42	28	36.5 ± 0.41	28	0.264 (0.046 to 0.483)	0.018
PACU 30 min	36.8 ± 0.47	28	36.5 ± 0.41	28	0.289 (0.071 to 0.508)	0.010

Values are presented as mean ± SD. CI: confidence interval, PACU: post-anesthesia care unit.

P values in group × time comparison between groups (10-min pre-warming group–control group) using the mixed-effect model with the post-hoc Bonferroni test.