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. 2020 Sep 25;15(25):2459–2474. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0280

Figure 2. . Locally administered vasoactive intestinal peptide in sterically stabilized micelles nanomedicine significantly reduced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the distal colonic mucosa.

Figure 2. 

mRNA isolated from mouse distal colonic mucosa was subjected to qPCR with specific primers for (A) IL-1β, (B) CXCL-1 and (C) CXCL-2. Gene expression was normalized to internal control GAPDH. Data represented as mean ± SEM, n = 6.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.005 versus control; #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.005 versus DSS.

CXCL-1: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-1; CXCL-2: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-2; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.