(A) Representative micrographs of fluorescently stained DRA (red) with the apical marker villin (green) and DAPI (blue). (B) Graphical representation of quantified DRA immunofluorescence intensity (arbitrary units) across treatment groups. Data represented as average ± SEM, n = 3 with 10 data points per n.
**p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005 versus control; ###p < 0.0005 versus DSS, ap < 0.005 DSS-VIP-SSM versus DSS-VIP.
DAPI: 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; VIP-SSM: Vasoactive intestinal peptide in sterically stabilized micelles.