Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of standardized group performance on reading and non-verbal ability measures and F tests following significant MANOVA analyses results

Variable	Controls (n = 18)		Dyslexics (n = 16)		F(1,33)
	M	SD	M	SD
Reading and decoding ability
Word identification	120.50	6.38	85.00	8.87	182.43*
Passage comprehension	107.11	4.00	87.31	10.15	58.47*
Sentence reading fluency	120.89	1.45	89.06	10.77	154.36*
Word attack	90.50	2.83	79.69	10.53	17.61*
Phonological awareness
Phoneme elision	11.22	1.22	7.19	1.97	52.81*
Phoneme isolation	11.28	1.56	7.06	3.04	26.68*
Word blending	11.11	0.83	7.25	2.62	35.21*
Non-verbal ability
Matrix reasoning	72.33	7.77	72.56	8.66	0.01

Word identification, word attack, sentence reading fluency has a mean standard score of 100 with a standard deviation of 15; passage comprehension, phoneme elision and isolation, and word blending has a mean scaled score of 10 and a standard deviation of 3; and matrix reasoning has a mean T score of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Wilks’ λ = 0.11, F(6,192) = 57.66 P < 0.001;

^* P < 0.001.