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. 2020 Aug 28;15(4):390–400. doi: 10.4103/1735-5362.293517

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

The effects of GSE on the expression level of genes involved in the signaling pathway, cell cycle, and apoptosis process evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. (A) The expression level of genes involved in PI3K/ AKT/mTOR signaling pathway (PTEN, AKT, and mTOR) in different groups; (B) the expression level of genes involved in Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway (DACT1, GSK3B, and C-MYC) in different groups; (C) the expression level of genes involved in the cell cycle (CDK4 and CCND1) in different groups; (D) the expression level of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes (BAX and BCL2) in different groups; (E) The expression level of genes involved in the apoptotic process(CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9) in different groups. *P < 0.001 indicates significant differences compared to the corresponding DMSO group GSE, Grape seed extract; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases; AKT, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; DACT1, dapper antagonist of catenin-1; GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3β; CDK4, cyclin dependent kinase4; CCND1,catenin signaling targets cyclinD1; BAX, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, BCL2, B-cell lymphoma 2; CASP3, caspase3.