TABLE 3. Percentage positivity of four human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing strategies in identifying new HIV-positive adults, stratified by sex — 20 PEPFAR-supported countries, October 2018–September 2019*.
| Country | % Yield |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men |
Women |
|||||||
| PITC as reference* | Index testing† | VCT§ | Mobile testing¶ | PITC as reference | Index testing | VCT | Mobile testing | |
| Rwanda |
0.5 |
4.6** |
0.8 |
1 |
0.4 |
5.8** |
1.2 |
2.8** |
| Eswatini |
6.6 |
25.6** |
7.9 |
6.5 |
5 |
25.4** |
9.1** |
7.2** |
| Botswana |
5.2 |
14.6** |
2.6 |
2.6** |
5.3 |
12.9** |
3.3 |
3.4 |
| Namibia |
3.3 |
15.7** |
3.8 |
4.4 |
2.7 |
15.5** |
4.0 |
4.6 |
| Malawi |
3.4 |
30.5** |
4.9** |
7.6** |
2.7 |
29.6** |
6.1** |
11.1** |
| South Africa |
6.9 |
30.0** |
7.3 |
4.2** |
6 |
31.7** |
11.2** |
4.9** |
| Zimbabwe |
4.4 |
34.5** |
9.7** |
9.4** |
4.1 |
30.2** |
11.9** |
13.5** |
| Kenya |
1.2 |
14.5** |
1.4 |
0.4 |
1.2 |
21.0** |
2.0** |
0.7 |
| Zambia |
3.8 |
26.4** |
5.6** |
15.7** |
3.6 |
30.7** |
6.3** |
22.0** |
| Lesotho |
4.3 |
25.4** |
3.3 |
2.7** |
3 |
23.3** |
5.7 |
4.5** |
| Uganda |
2.4 |
16.1** |
2.9** |
3.1** |
2.5 |
20.4** |
3.4** |
3.7** |
| Ethiopia |
1.5 |
10.5** |
1.8 |
2.5 |
1.3 |
11.1** |
2.4 |
3.9** |
| Tanzania |
3.2 |
19.9** |
3.8 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
22.9** |
5.8** |
3.7** |
| Cameroon |
2.8 |
9.5** |
5.1** |
4.5 |
3.1 |
14.3** |
8.3** |
7.0** |
| Mozambique |
5.7 |
24.9** |
6.1 |
7.2** |
3.4 |
28.9** |
6.4** |
11.6** |
| Nigeria |
3.2 |
19.5** |
3.3 |
6.1** |
2.4 |
30.6** |
4.6** |
6.4** |
| Côte d’Ivoire |
2.4 |
12.4** |
5.9** |
4.2** |
1.9 |
20.7** |
7.4** |
5.5** |
| DRC |
5.1 |
30.4** |
3.1 |
6.3 |
3.2 |
32.6** |
7.1** |
9.4** |
| Angola |
5 |
29.8** |
8.5** |
4.5 |
4.2 |
44.3** |
13.2** |
5.4 |
| South Sudan | 4.5 | 11.4** | 5.1 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 10.7** | 6.9** | 8.7** |
Source: PEPFAR Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting data for Accountability, Transparency, and Impact Monitoring database, October 2018–September 2019.
Abbreviations: DRC = Democratic Republic of Congo; PEPFAR = U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; PITC = provider-initiated testing and counseling; VCT = voluntary counseling and testing.
* PITC for HIV testing of persons at health facilities.
† Index testing of persons with new HIV diagnoses.
§ VCT to determine HIV status.
¶ Mobile testing outside health facilities.
** Statistically significant differences between PITC as reference compared with other strategies at p-values <0.05. The p-values were calculated on the basis of z-tests for differences in binomial proportions with pooled variance.