Table 2.
Distribution of Swahili PHQ-9 scores by participant group.
| Both groups | Adults from the community | Adults living with HIV | Test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHQ-9 total score | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 4.02 ± 4.02 | 3.49 ± 3.82 | 4.41 ± 4.43 | |
| Median (IQR) | 3 (0 - 7) | 2 (0 – 6) | 3 (1 - 7) | U = 86,103, p < 0.001 |
| Severity scores, n (%) | ||||
| Normal, 0 - 4 | 495 (62.9) | 214 (63.5) | 281 (62.4) | χ 2(4) = 24.21, p < 0.001 |
| Mild, 5 - 9 | 216 (27.4) | 109 (32.3) | 107 (23.8) | |
| Moderate, 10 - 14 | 54 (6.9) | 11 (3.3) | 43 (9.6) | |
| Moderately severe, 15 −19 | 18 (2.3) | 2 (0.6) | 16 (3.6) | |
| Severe, 20 −27 | 4 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.7) | |
| Depressive symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| No (PHQ-9 score ≤ 9) | 711 (90.3) | 323 (95.8) | 388 (86.2) | |
| Yes (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) | 76 (9.7) | 14 (4.2) | 62 (13.8) | χ 2(1) = 19.37, p < 0.001 |
Notes. χ2- Pearson Chi-Square, U- Mann Whitney U test.