Table 1. Phenolic Compounds in the Sugarcane Juice (Non-sterilized) and Fermented Sugarcane Juice (Raw Vinegar) (mg L^–1)^a.

		alcoholic fermentation (days)					acetic acid fermentation (days)
phenolic acid	sugarcane juice (non-sterilized)	1	3	5	7	9	1	3	5	7	9
benzoic acid	2.024 ± 0.018b	1.188 ± 0.252e	1.286 ± 0.141c	0.925 ± 0.232e	1.016 ± 0.075c	1.002 ± 0.028d	0.572 ± 0.044b	1.075 ± 0.237c	0.926 ± 0.149d	0.969 ± 0.032c	1.027 ± 0.073e
ferulic acid	0.060 ± 0.004b	0.343 ± 0.068e	0.264 ± 0.017c	0.134 ± 0.008e	0.219 ± 0.015c	0.205 ± 0.019d	1.160 ± 0.017b	1.154 ± 0.057c	1.340 ± 0.002d	1.458 ± 0.009c	1.124 ± 0.063e
quinic acid	0.019 ± 0.002b	0.104 ± 0.008e	0.090 ± 0.012c	0.081 ± 0.012e	0.096 ± 0.011c	0.074 ± 0.009d	0.080 ± 0.005b	0.036 ± 0.008c	0.027 ± 0.001d	0.032 ± 0.002c	0.031 ± 0.002e
chlorogenic acid	0.349 ± 0.004b	3.687 ± 0.117e	3.595 ± 0.054c	3.589 ± 0.076e	1.857 ± 0.007c	1.635 ± 0.071d	1.185 ± 0.031b	1.425 ± 0.023c	1.366 ± 0.033d	1.258 ± 0.011c	1.217 ± 0.063e
apigenin	0.002 ± 0.0001d	0.024 ± 0.0004c,d	0.053 ± 0.0034d	0.059 ± 0.0011c	0.018 ± 0.0032d,e	0.099 ± 0.0045e	0.003 ± 0.00d	0.003 ± 0.0002c	0.003 ± 0.0001c	0.003 ± 0.000d	0.004 ± 0.000c
kaempferol	0.003 ± 0.0005d	0.081 ± 0.0012c,d	0.181 ± 0.0133c,d	0.197 ± 0.0045c	0.267 ± 0.0179c	0.336 ± 0.0098c	0.005 ± 0.0008d	0.004 ± 0.0003c	0.002 ± 0.0008c	0.0000	0.003 ± 0.0001c
caffeic acid	−	0.005 ± 0.0005d	0.006 ± 0.0004d	0.005 ± 0.0005c	0.005 ± 0.00e	0.005 ± 0f	0.005 ± 0.0003d	0.006 ± 0.0002c	0.006 ± 0.0004c	0.005 ± 0.0007d	0.005 ± 0.0003c
luteolin	0.003 ± 0d	0.079 ± 0.0021c,d	0.175 ± 0.0033c,d	0.188 ± 0.0007c	0.264 ± 0.0027c	0.323 ± 0.0002c	0.006 ± 0.0004d	0.004 ± 0.0003c	0.003 ± 0.0004c	0.004 ± 0.0002d	0.005 ± 0.0001c
p-coumaric acid	0.018 ± 0.0033d	0.014 ± 0.0028c,d	0.013 ± 0.0021d	0.013 ± 0.0018c	0.018 ± 0.0044d,e	0.015 ± 0.0019e,f	0.020 ± 0.0050c,d	0.021 ± 0.0041c	0.022 ± 0.0011c	0.020± 0.0044d	0.027 ± 0.0001c

^a“−”: non-detection. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). In each row, different superscript letters indicate significant differences among different production processes.