Figure 1.

Activation of Regnase 1 to 4 by ligands and their intracellular pathways

Regnase-1 expression is mainly induced by LPS, and the TLR4 mediated activation of the NF-kB pathway. The mode of activation, the receptor, and the intracellular signalling pathway for Regnase-2 is still unknown. The transcription of Regnase-3 is induced by dsRNA and through the TLR3 and the interferon regulatory factor 3 pathway. The expression of Regnase-4 is induced by several TLR ligands and leads downstream to the activation of JNK and NF-kB signal pathways.