Figure 2.

Gut microbial and metabolic characteristics of GDM relative to HCs. (a) At the OTU level, Principal Component analysis (PCA) showing a discriminative trend of microbial composition between patients with GDM and HCs (PERMANOVA, p = .005). In the PC2 not but PC1 of PCA, the GDM group was significantly different from the HC group. (b) Using linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe, LDA>2.0), 18 differential OTUs responsible for the discrimination between two groups were identified. These enriched OTUs in GDM group were primarily belonged to family Lachnospiraceae (OTU 247, 645, 672 and 1089); and these depleted OTUs were mainly assigned to family Enterobacteriaceae (OTU 123, 725 and 1136) and Ruminococcaceae (OTU 93, 229 and 1016). (c-d) The Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) scores plot showing that the stool and urine metabolic signatures of GDM group were substantially different from that in HCs. (HC, n = 48; GDM, n = 59). Abbreviations: PC, Principal Component