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. 2020 Nov 23;12(1):1840765. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1840765

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© 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Altered metabolites in fecal and urine samples of GDM. (a) Relative abundances of 4 fecal metabolites responsible for differentiation between the two groups. Compared to HCs, patients with GDM were characterized by 2 up-regulated metabolites (red) and 2 down-regulated metabolites (black). These metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism. (b) Similarly, GDM individuals were characterized by 3 up-regulated (red) and 12 down-regulated (black) urine metabolites relative to HCs (VIP>1, p < .05). These altered urine metabolites were mainly belonged to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism