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. 2019 Aug 20;25(12):3380–3398. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0483-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Reducing Aβ levels restores PV neuron excitability in APP/PS1 mice in vivo. a Animals were injected with mCherry-expressing virus at 8–10 weeks of age. Mice were then treated with food pellets containing BACE1 inhibitor NB-360 or control food pellets. Mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age, after 6 weeks of treatment, for ELISA measurements or at 15–17 weeks of age, after 6–8 weeks of treatment, for electrophysiological recordings. b Levels of Aβ_1–40 (left panel) and Aβ_1–42 (right panel) in the hippocampus of 16-week-old APP/PS1-PV-Cre that received NB-360 treatment were significantly decreased compared with APP/PS1-PV-Cre mice that received vehicle treatment (Student’s t test; n = 8/6 mice per group, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). c PV interneuron resting membrane potential was restored to wild-type levels in NB-360-treated APP/PS1-PV-Cre mice (two-way ANOVA: n = 15/27/28 cells from 3/5/5 mice per group, F_2,70 = 9.61, p = 0.0002; post-hoc LSD test: **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). d There was no difference in PV interneuron input resistance between groups (two-way ANOVA: n = 15/27/28 cells from 3/5/5 mice per group, F_2,70 = 0.20, p = 0.8203). e Voltage responses to 1 s hyperpolarizing or depolarizing current steps from a PV interneuron in wild-type PV-Cre (gray), vehicle-treated APP/PS1-PV-Cre (red), and NB-360-treated APP/PS1-PV-Cre (green) mice. f Average action potential (AP) frequency in response to 0–250 pA depolarizing current steps illustrating a significant rescue of PV interneuron excitability in NB-360-treated APP/PS1-PV-Cre mice compared with vehicle-treated APP/PS1-PV-Cre mice (genotype × current two-way repeated measures ANOVA: 15/27/28 cells from 3/5/5 mice per group, F_2,68 = 8.48, p = 0.001; post-hoc LSD test: **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)