Table 2.
Immuno-therapeutics targeting TLRs using nanocarriers.
| Nano carrier | Agonist and type of TLR | Application | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polyaniline conjugated glycol-chitosan nanoparticles | Resiquimod (R848) (TLR7/8) | Synergy between hyperthermia and immune-suppression alleviation | 153, 154, 155 |
| Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle | Racemic mixture ‘522’, stereoisomer ‘528’ (TLR7/8) | Induced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, effective in multiple tumor models | 153, 154, 155 |
| Antigen ovalbumin and phospholipid-loaded zinc doped iron oxide nanoparticles | PolyIC (TLR3), imiquimod (TLR7) | Checkpoint inhibition and protective antitumour responses for cancer immunotherapy | 153, 154, 155 |
| CpG DNA Nano-cocoon | Synthetic oligonucleotides contain unmethylated cytosine and guanosine (CpG ODN) (TLR9) | Co-delivery of anti-PD-1 with CpG induced immune response and prolonged survival time in mouse model | 153, 154, 155 |
| Poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/mPEG-PLA nanoparticles | Resiquimod (R848) (TLR7/8) | Nanoparticles detected in dendritic cells and macrophages in the draining lymph nodes with activated immune response | 153, 154, 155 |
| Qβ-VLPs as a nano vaccine | B-type CpGs with phosphorothioate backbone (TLR9) | Induced effective CD8+ T-cell responses | 153, 154, 155 |
| Magnetite nanoparticles-loaded polyethylene glycol phospholipid micelles | Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) derived from lipooligosaccharide (TLR4) | Long-term protection against repeated tumor challenge in combination with checkpoint inhibition | 153, 154, 155 |
| Self-assembled nanoparticles of acetyl modifed glucomannan polysaccharide | Glucomannan polysaccharide (TLR2) | Intratumoral injection of acGM-1.8 suppresses the growth of two tumor models | 153, 154, 155 |