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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2019 May 15;198:13–30. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.077

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Description of cognitive control subprocesses and neurobehavioral measures. The arrow depicts the flow of time for a single trial on a task requiring cognitive control (e.g. a flanker task). Time begins with stimulus presentation and pre-response processing, followed by response commission and post-response processing, ending with presentation of a subsequent trial and associated neurobehavioral processing. Each box defines a particular cognitive control subprocess and a neural or behavioral measure that can be used to index the subprocess. Note that the use of proactive control here is distinct from the more common study of “tonic proactive control” that occurs at the block level. Instead, our use of proactive control is in line with the notion of “transient proactive control” that can follow an error and prepare control for the subsequent trial in a proactive manner. See Table S1 for definitions.