Figure 4.

Granzyme B is involved in galectin-9-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptotic death of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-pre-treated Jurkat T cells. Jurkat T cells were pre-treated with 100 nM PMA for 24 h followed by 24 h exposure to 2.5 µg/ml galectin-9 with or without 30 min pre-treatment with 100 µM of the granzyme B inhibitor Z-AAD-CMK. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected using an annexin V/propidium iodide assay kit and pro-apoptotic caspase-3 activity was measured using colorimetric assay. Cell viability was analyzed using an MTS test. Data are shown as mean values ± SEM of three experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control.