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. 2020 Oct 9;27(12):3474–3480. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.060

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© 2020 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — Effect of ellagic acid (Ella), ellagic acid nanoparticles (Ella NPs), and their combination with metformin on histopathology of pancreatic islets of Langerhans (H & E) after 9 weeks. Photos represents pancreas of control [A], high fat diet (HFD) [B], diabetic [C], metformin [D], Ella [E], Ella + metformin [F], Ella NPs [G], Ella NPs + metformin [H]. The control and HFD photos showed Langerhans islets with a normal population of centrally located beta cells (dotted arrows). Some cells in the HFD photo looked hypertrophied (white arrow). The diabetic photo showed islets with a decreased population of centrally located beta cells; most of them looked swollen with cytoplasmic vacuolation and small pyknotic nuclei (dotted arrow). The metformin photo showed preservation of islets cells compared to the diabetic photo (dotted arrow) with few centrally located beta cells showing degenerated nuclei (black arrow). The Ella photo showed Langerhans islets with normal cell population (dotted arrows) similar to the control photo. Central beta cells have active nuclei (white arrow). Ella + metformin showed Langerhans islets with normal beta cell density; most of them have active vesicular nuclei (dotted arrow). Ella NPs photo showed preservation of normal islets cell population with apparent active nuclei of centrally located beta cells (dotted arrow). Ella NPs + metformin showed more preservation of centrally located beta cells compared to other groups (dotted arrows). (H & E X 600).