Fig. 5.

Gene Expression and Heatmap for (A) PAL (B) CHS and (C) F3H genes representing relative levels of gene expression at different stages before and post inoculation events when compared to corresponding house-keeping gene ACTIN. Where NI- Non inoculated, I- inoculated, BI-Before inoculation and DPI- Days Post inoculation. Each point represents the mean of three replicates and was expressed as mean ± SD (Standard deviation). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between Venturia inaequalis treatment (inoculated) and control (Non-inoculated).